The Indiana Guest Statute prohibits family members and hitchhikers from receiving compensation for injuries
The Indiana Guest Statute, Indiana Code 34-30-11 makes it clear that unless the owner, operator or person responsible for the operation of a motor vehicle is willfully or wantonly reckless in their driving conduct, a passenger family member may not hold their host-driver spouse, sibling, parent, step parent or child responsible for bodily injuries or death resulting from the driver’s negligence.
In addition, a hitchhiker may not hold the host-driver responsible for loss or damage arising from injuries or death resulting from the operation of the motor vehicle unless the injuries or death are caused by the wanton or willfull misconduct of the operator, owner or person responsible for the operation of the motor vehicle. This immunity from responsibility does not, however, apply when passengers such as immediate family or hitchhikers make payment for transportation, like a rideshare or taxi.
Willful and Wanton Behavior Defined By The Court
Willful or wanton behavior is defined by the Indiana Supreme Court as either:
1) An intentional act done with reckless disregard of the natural and probable consequence of injury to a known person under the circumstances known to the actor at the time; or
2) an omission or failure to act when the actor has actual knowledge of the natural and probable consequence of injury and his opportunity to avoid the risk”[McKeown v. Calusa, 172 Ind. App. 1, 5, 359 N.E.2nd 550, 553-54 (1977)].
The Indiana Guest Statute IC 34-30-11-1
Indiana Title 34 – Civil Code and Procedure reads as follows:
Guest statute
Sec. 1. The owner, operator, or person responsible for the operation of a motor vehicle is not liable for loss or damage arising from injuries to or the death of:
- the person’s parent;
- the person’s spouse;
- the person’s child or stepchild;
- the person’s brother;
- the person’s sister; or
- a hitchhiker;
resulting from the operation of the motor vehicle while the parent, spouse, child or stepchild, brother, sister, or hitchhiker was being transported without payment in or upon the motor vehicle unless the injuries or death are caused by the wanton or willful misconduct of the operator, owner, or person responsible for the operation of the motor vehicle. As added by P.L.1-1998, SEC.26.
Court Rules On Purposes of the Indiana Guest Statute
The opinion of the Indiana Court of Appeals, KLLM, Inc. v. Legg, states:
“…we recognized that the purposes of Indiana’s Guest Statute are threefold: first, it reduces the threat of “collusive” lawsuits, whose likelihood would be greater between family members than mere acquaintances; second, it reduces the threat of “Robin Hood” proclivities of juries where juries would be more eager to take from the “rich” liability insurance companies and give to the “poor” victims, especially where the victims were members of the same family; and three, it fosters family harmony by not allowing family members to sue and recover for injuries caused by another family member’s negligence. Davidson, 558 N.E.2d at 851. With respect to hitchhikers, we recognized a fourth purpose for Indiana’s Guest Statute: it deters the illegal act of hitchhiking by not allowing hitchhikers to recover for their injuries caused by a driver’s negligence. Id.
Thus, under the Guest Statute, KLLM would not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the death of Hanna if Hanna was a hitchhiker who was being transported without payment in or upon the motor vehicle at the time of his death.”
What Are The Risks When Riding With a Relative At The Wheel?
For exemplification purposes, of how the Indiana Guest Statute might apply to family members, let’s look at a fictitious scenario involving two brothers—one driving, the other a passenger.
While driving to an interview for his dream job, Seth’s car breaks down. He phones his brother Sam to request a ride to the interview and Sam agrees. As Sam drives Seth to his interview, he approaches an intersection at top speed on a yellow light, and is unable to bring his vehicle to a stop. As he ekes through the intersection on a red light, he is struck by another vehicle. Because Sam ran the red light, he shoulders all fault for the accident.
Regrettably, under Indiana’s Guest Statute, Seth would be unable to recover compensation for his injuries and other damages from his brother’s automobile insurance policy. The only alternative available to Seth lies in his health insurance policy, minus his out-of-pocket expenses.
Opposition To The Indiana Guest Statute
Common law requires the host-driver to exercise ordinary care for the safety of his non-paying as well as paying passengers. Yet, Indiana insurance companies assert that relations of an insured family member would invite collusion and false claims. However, the minuscule possibility of collusion between family members and hitchhikers should not preclude the substantive right of individual litigants to their day in court. To assert that untruths may be told undermines the judicial system our society lives by. It is not unreasonable to assume that accidents requiring snap decisions result in personal injuries or death to loved ones.
How often do you drive family members to school, sports, church, dinner, and events? Would you risk the health and safety of a loved one for an insurance windfall?
Trial Lawyers With Experience
Ward & Ward Personal Injury Lawyers have over a century of combined legal experience in personal injury law. Our firm continues to seek justice for clients who have been harmed by the negligence of others and to maximize their damage compensation. Our attorneys do not receive legal fees or expenses unless we collect damages on your behalf. Call an experienced personal injury lawyer in Indianapolis, IN at Ward & Ward today. Call 317-639-9501 and ask for “Charlie Ward” for a free evaluation of your claim.
Charlie Ward
(317) 639-9501
www.wardlawfirm.com
Ward & Ward Personal Injury Lawyers
728 S Meridian St
Indianapolis, IN 46225
